|     1  |        Accuse   Your Opponent of Doing What He is Accusing You of (or worse)  |   
|     2  |        Accuse   Him of Sliding Down ASlippery Slope (that leads to disaster)  |   
|     3  |        Appeal   to Authority  |   
|     4  |        Appeal   to Experience  |   
|     5  |        Appeal   to Fear  |   
|     6  |        Appeal   to Pity (or sympathy)  |   
|     7  |        Appeal   to Popular Passions  |   
|     8  |        Appeal   to Tradition or Faith ("the tried and true")   |   
|     9  |        Assume   a Posture of Righteousness   |   
|     10  |        Attack   the person (and not the argument)  |   
|     11  |        Beg   the Question  |   
|     12  |        Call   For Perfection (Demand impossible conditions)   |   
|     13  |        Create   a False Dilemma (the Great Either/Or)   |   
|     14  |        Devise   Analogies (and Metaphors) That Support Your View (even if they are misleading   or "false")   |   
|     15  |        Question   Your Opponent's Conclusions   |   
|     16  |        Create   Misgivings: Where There's Smoke, There's Fire  |   
|     17  |        Create   A Straw Man  |   
|     18  |        Deny   or Defend Your Inconsistencies   |   
|     19  |        Demonize   His Side Sanitize Yours   |   
|     20  |        Evade   Questions, Gracefully   |   
|     21  |        Flatter   Your Audience  |   
|     22  |        Hedge   What You Say  |   
|     23  |        Ignore   the Evidence  |   
|     24  |        Ignore   the Main Point  |   
|     25  |        Attack   Evidence (That Undermines Your Case)  |   
|     26  |        Insist   Loudly on a Minor Point  |   
|     27  |        Use   the Hard-Cruel-World Argument (to justify doing what is usually considered   unethical)  |   
|     28  |        Make   (Sweeping) Glittering Generalizations  |   
|     29  |        Make   Much of Any Inconsistencies in Your Opponent's Position  |   
|     30  |        Make   Your Opponent Look Ridiculous ("lost in the laugh")  |   
|     31  |        Oversimplify   the Issue  |   
|     32  |        Raise   Nothing But Objections  |   
|     33  |        Rewrite   History (Have It Your Way)  |   
|     34  |        Seek   Your Vested Interests  |   
|     35  |        Shift   the Ground  |   
|     36  |        Shift   the Burden of Proof  |   
|     37  |        Spin,   Spin, Spin  |   
|     38  |        Talk   in Vague Generalities  |   
|     39  |        Talk   Double Talk  |   
|     40  |        Tell   Big lies  |   
|     41  |        Treat   Abstract Words and Symbols As If They Were Real Things  |   
|     42  |        Throw   In A Red Herring (or two)  |   
|     43  |        Throw   in Some Statistics  |   
|     44  |        Use   Double Standards (Whenever you can)  |   
Sunday, April 10, 2011
Forty-four Foul Ways to Win an Argument
from The Thinker's Guide to Fallacies
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