Adapted from http://www.iep.utm.edu/fallacy/
Ad Hominem, Circumstantial
See Guilt by Association.
Ad Ignorantiam
See Appeal to Ignorance.
Ad Misericordiam
See Appeal to Emotions.
Ad Novitatem
See Bandwagon.
Ad Numerum
See Appeal to the People.
Ad Populum
See Appeal to the People.
Ad Verecundiam
See Appeal to Authority.
Non Causa Pro Causa
This label is Latin for mistaking the “non-cause for the cause.” See False Cause.
Non Sequitur
When a conclusion is supported only by extremely weak reasons or by irrelevant reasons, the argument is fallacious and is said to be a non sequitur. However, we usually apply the term only when we cannot think of how to label the argument with a more specific fallacy name. Any deductively invalid inference is a non sequitur if it also very weak when assessed by inductive standards.
Example:
Nuclear disarmament is a risk, but everything in life involves a risk. Every time you drive in a car you are taking a risk. If you’re willing to drive in a car, you should be willing to have disarmament.
The following is not an example: “If she committed the murder, then there’d be his blood stains on her hands. His blood stains are on her hands. So, she committed the murder.” This deductively invalid argument commits the fallacy of affirming the consequent, but it isn’t a non sequitur because it has significant inductive strength.
Obscurum per Obscurius
Explaining something obscure or mysterious by something that is even more obscure or more mysterious.
Example:
Let me explain what a lucky result is. It is a fortuitous collapse of the quantum mechanical wave packet that leads to a surprisingly pleasing result.
Petitio Principii
See Begging the Question.
No comments:
Post a Comment